Incision of an abscess in an epidermal cyst

Incision of an Abscess in an Epidermal Cyst

An epidermal cyst is a benign, slow-growing lump beneath the skin, often caused by the accumulation of keratin. While usually harmless, these cysts can become infected or abscessed, leading to swelling, redness, pain, and the accumulation of pus. When an epidermal cyst abscesses, incision and drainage become necessary to relieve discomfort and promote healing.

The procedure begins with proper sterilization of the affected area to reduce the risk of further infection. Local anesthesia, such as lidocaine, is administered to numb the region, ensuring patient comfort. A small incision is then made using a sterile scalpel at the most fluctuant area of the abscess to allow pus to drain. Gentle pressure or blunt dissection may be used to evacuate the accumulated material.

Once the pus is expelled, the cyst wall is carefully inspected. If the cyst lining is not removed, the cyst may refill and recur. However, in cases of active infection, complete excision is usually postponed until the inflammation subsides. The cavity is then irrigated with saline or an antiseptic solution to cleanse the area and reduce bacterial load. Depending on the size of the cyst, a small drain may be placed to prevent premature closure and ensure continued drainage.

After the procedure, patients are advised to keep the area clean, apply prescribed topical or oral antibiotics, and follow up for further assessment. Complete healing typically occurs within one to two weeks. If the cyst recurs, surgical excision may be required. Prompt treatment of infected epidermal cysts is crucial to prevent complications such as cellulitis or deeper infections.

By performing a proper incision and drainage, healthcare providers can relieve pain, promote healing, and prevent recurrent infections in patients with abscessed epidermal cysts.